Wednesday, May 15, 2013

Caroline "Lina" Lamb Black, 1831-1908

Caroline Lamb Black was the third child of James Lamb, a prosperous Springfield merchant and pork packer.  She was born in Kaskaskia on February 8, 1831 and moved with her parents to Springfield two years later.

Mary Lincoln's sister Frances recalled that Lina Lamb was a bridesmaid in the Lincolns' wedding.  This recollection is likely in error, as Caroline was only eleven years old when Mary Lincoln was married.  Still, Lina and her family would have known Mary and Abraham Lincoln.  Mary's sister Elizabeth's nephew John Cook was married to Lina's sister Susan. 

On December 19, 1855, Caroline Lamb married William James "Jimmy" Black.

John T. Stuart wrote this wonderful account of the wedding in a letter to his daughter Bettie, then in school at the Monticello Female Seminary in Godfrey:

Lina has ceased to be a Lamb and is now a Black shall I say sheep!  At precisely 20 minutes of 8 oclock mother and myself sallied forth from the front porch both dressed in our best.  What a brilliant night.  There is the moon nearly full, near the meridian and there just above the Eastern horizon is Orion with his brilliant suit!  There to the North is the great Bear and as I turn around to close the gate see how brilliant and majestic Venus looks as she bids adieu to the stars of night ere she sinks behind the western wave!  And all those stars how they glisten and shine like jewels in [your] deep blue vault!  How the gas lights pale before the lights which strangle the sky!  But here we are at Mr Lambs.  Every window below and above how they flame with Gas!  As we enter the gate I say to Mother I am afraid we are too early I expect we are first.  We ring the door is opened thunder and lightning!! Every room even the passage is crowded.  Mother goes up stairs.  A friend says to me while standing in the passage why Stuart you are late the ceremony is nearly over!  I step quickly to the Parlor door I looked over a sea of heads and at the further side of the Parlor there is Mr Dodge!  He is giving them some good advise!  Lina stands with eye modestly looking at the carpet.  Her white veil hangs gracefully over her splendid white silk dress.  She leans somewhat towards Black as if she said my hopes of happiness here below I entrust to you I love – I have faith – I hope.  She looks pretty.  Black has his eye fixed on the Parson, but it seems to me as if he was pressing Lina’s hand and merely saying Trust in me I love you!  Black’s face usually dull and indicating a want of energy seems in a blaze of animation.  He looks handsome now.  Stir him up Lina – he has talent if you can make him exert it.  His temperament is something like my own.  Like a terrapin he needs coals of fire upon his back to make him reach forth his head.  Lee Kimball is next to Black he looks pale – he has been shaking with the ague, and May Roberts is next to Lina.  And there is Hannah her white [shule] becomes her and the wreath with two large roses in the centre and smaller ones on each side one wreath on the head and one on her bosom.  She looks a little agitated is she thinking of her lessons – her examinations on moral philosophy next Monday or is she thinking of that handsome young man with whiskers?  Who is he?  A Mr McDowell from St. Louis and further this deponent saith not.  Ask Han.  But the ceremony is now over I must seek mother.  Now she comes down stairs.  We press through the crowd.  We push and they push.  We tread on their toes and they tread on ours.  See there Judge Logan with Miss Mary on his arm!  He is making towards the Bridegroom and Bride – look at his forehead – how the seat rolls down!  He would rather argue a case in the Supreme Court than to struggle thus!  All the world is here!  All the sewing societies have broke loose!  Look at Black as he shakes hands with friend after friend – he looks magnificent!  We reach the Bride & Bridegroom – we greet them, and now let us get out of this squeeze as soon as possible.  As we turn to reach the passage by another door we meet Cullom with his Bride on his arm.  My Students are in luck!  I reach the passage I back into a corner and look upon the crowd – Here come Julia Latham and Miss Nora!  Ben Ferguson and John Barrett are making themselves agreeable to them.  Here comes Miss Bell and Lizzie Calhoun, both dressed very fine and some strange beau between them, and here is Anna Van Bergen – she looks plain – and there is Cousin Julia Baker.  Oh!  It is love’s young dream!  And there is Uncle [X] and here is cousin Lizzie and Mrs Lamb of Alton.  How many old acquaintances seem to be thrown together tonight!  There is Mrs Wells – Mrs. Brookin and Miss Bradly I will cross over and speak to them.  How superior is intellect & the refinement of calculation to the mere animal, beautiful though it be!  Miss Bradly says where is Betty I understood you went down for her?  I reply I did but Betty although she wanted to come thought it her duty to stay.  I am glad of it replied Miss Bradley.
            But look they are crowding in to [X] supper.  Mother takes my arm.  We go with the crowd.  We take our station at the table.  Mother stands by Auntie – next is Mrs. Young, next is Mrs Matteson.  Close by are Cousins Mary Lincoln Lizzie Edwards and Mrs B. S. Edwards.
            First oysters – salad &c. – then ice cream and cake – Cousin John please fill my saucer again.  You have helped me the fourth time, but you [x] me so [bitter]!
            The supper is over the crowd is gone.  It was a gay crowded company.  The lamps shone bright and beauty elegance refinement thronged the aristocratic halls and my Bettie was not there?



The Blacks' joy together was short-lived; Jimmy died in 1861 at age 33.  He had been battling consumption for several years and had gone to St. Louis to seek medical treatment.  The cause of his death was given as "internal hemmorhage."   The couple had no children together.  Caroline went home to live with her mother.  She died in 1908 at age 77.


Monday, May 6, 2013

Legh Kimball (1826-1865)

Legh Kimball is an interesting and somewhat mysterious footnote in the Lincolns' story.  Even his name is mysterious - several 19th century sources cite it as "Legh", even though Lincoln's own phonetic spelling of the name indicates that it was, indeed, pronounced "Leigh".
Nothing is known about Kimball's origins, other than the fact that he was born in New Hampshire on August 7, 1826.

His first mention in connection with the Lincolns comes in 1842.  According to Caroline Owsley Brown's "Springfield Society Before the Civil War," " Mr. Leigh Kimball lived in Mr. Ninian Edwards' famly and said he frequently took Miss Mary Todd to the house of Mr. Simeon Francis to meet Mr. Lincoln, as Mr. Edwards was very much opposed to the engagement."  Another mystery - why was Kimball living with the Edwards family?  He was not enumerated in the 1840 census, so he must have showed up there sometime between 1840-1842.  In 1842 he would have been 16 years old.  Was he an apprentice?  A friend of the family?  Were his parents deceased?  As a resident in the Edwards house, he would have been intimately acquainted with his housemate, Mary Todd, who perhaps looked on him as a younger brother.

He clearly had a personal as well as professional relationship with Ninian W. Edwards (and apparently some financial means), for in 1848 he purchased the interest of John Cook (Ninian Edwards' nephew) in the firm of Hawley, Edwards, and Cook, thereafter known as N.W. Edwards & Co.  This firm had a store on the west side of the public square that sold "Dry Goods, Groceries, Hardware, & Queensware, Boots, Shoes, Hats, & Caps, etc."

The year prior, 1847, also saw Kimball serve as a groosman in John Cook's wedding to Susan Lamb, daughter of a prominent local pork packer and businessman.  John Cook was orphaned at a young age, and his uncle Ninian Edwards likely served as a father figure to him.  Did Ninian serve as a father figure to Kimball, as well?  Did the two men, only a year apart in age, have a relationship similar to that of brothers or cousins?  In any case, being a nephew by marriage to Elizabeth Todd Edwards made Cook a "connection" of the Lincolns, and they would certainly have been invited to this wedding.  Whether they went or not is another matter, as they were a mere five days away from departing Springfield en route to Washington D.C., where Lincoln would take his seat in Congress.

  Certainly Kimball was on Lincoln's radar.  Writing to Herndon from Washington D.C.  in 1848 to drum up support for Whig presidential candidate Zachary Taylor, Lincoln instructed his partner to gather together young men in Springfield "and form a Rough & Ready club, and have regular meetings and speeches. Take in every body that you can get, Harrison Grimsley, Z. A. Enos, Lee Kimball, and C. W. Matheny will do well to begin the thing.

By 1853 Kimball found new employment as an agent for the Chicago and Alton Railroad.  He was still a warm friend of the Lamb family, for when Caroline Lamb married William J. Black in 1855, Kimball was again a groomsman.  The Lincolns were definitely present at that wedding; a letter written at the time from John T. Stuart to his daughter Bettie described the scene and noted that
"Close by are Cousins Mary Lincoln Lizzie Edwards and Mrs B. S. Edwards." Stuart also noted that Kimball was looking unwell: "Lee Kimball is next to Black he looks pale – he has been shaking with the ague." Ill health would trouble him the rest of his short life.

In the Spring of 1862 rumors started to swirl that Kimball would marry Hannah, third of the four Lamb daughters.  "Report say that Miss Hannah Lamb is to be married soon to Lee Kimble," Mercy Conkling wrote to her son Clinton on May 24, and on June 16, "Miss Hannah Lamb is to be married on Wednesday, and leave immediately for the East (Saratoga I believe).  She will have a private wedding."  Legh and Hannan were married June 18, 1862.  One can imagine the Lincolns would have attended this wedding, too, had they not been in Washington D.C. Kimball and his wife had one daughter, Lucy, who was born in 1863 and lived just 21 days. Two years later, Kimball succumbed to tuberculosis at age 38 at the residence of his father-in-law, James Lamb. The newspaper provided the following account of his death:

"He had been an invalid for some time, but during the last few weeks he had become apparently very much better, and on the day before his decease he was on the street conducting business and making arrangements for a trip to another part of the State. At the moment he was stricken with death, he was dressing himself for breakfast and pleasantly conversing with his wife. Convulsion after convulsion followed in rapid succession, and he died in about two hours."

Twenty-five years later, Kimball's widow Hannah remarried John M. Palmer, former Governor of Illinois.






Monday, April 22, 2013

Benjamin Stephenson Edwards (1818-1886)


Born in Kaskaskia, Benjamin was the youngest son of Ninian Edwards, Governor of the Illinois Territory and third governor of the state of Illinois. Benjamin received his education at Yale University and became the first citizen born in Illinois to graduate from that institution. While in New Haven he met Helen Dodge, the younger sister of his classmate Richard Dodge.  Benjamin and Helen were married in August of 1839. After a honeymoon in Buffalo, New York, they decided to settle in Springfield, Illinois, where Benjamin’s brother Ninian was an established politician.

Helen and Benjamin arrived in Springfield in January of 1840 and stayed with Ninian and his wife Elizabeth for a few weeks. This is where Helen met and befriended Mary Todd, who was staying with her sister Elizabeth.  Helen and Mary would remain friends their entire lives. Benjamin and Helen spent three years at a house on Adams and Fourth Streets, where their daughter Helen was born. In June of 1843 they moved into the house now known as Edwards Place. Two more daughters followed: Alice in 1844, and Mollie in 1848.

Benjamin was an attorney by profession. After arriving in Springfield he studied with Stephen T. Logan and briefly partnered with Edward D. Baker before going into partnership with John T. Stuart in 1843. That partnership remained intact until Stuart’s death in 1885. Benjamin met Abraham Lincoln more than 400 times in the courtroom, sometimes serving as co-counsel and sometimes as opposing counsel. Politically, Benjamin was a Whig until that party’s dissolution in the mid-1850s. He briefly cast his lot with the Republicans but ultimately found the abolitionist wing too radical for his comfort. By 1858, he had cast his allegiance with the Democratic party. That year he invited Stephen Douglas, a candidate for US Senate as well as a personal friend, to hold a rally on the grounds of Edwards Place.

In 1868 Benjamin was elected Judge of the Eighth Judicial Circuit, a post he held for a year and a half before resuming his law practice. At the time of his death in 1886 he was president of the Illinois State Bar Association.

Tuesday, April 16, 2013

John Todd (1787-1865)


John Todd was Mary Lincoln’s uncle and the de facto patriarch of the Springfield Todds. He was born in 1787 near Lexington, Kentucky.   Todd received an excellent education, first becoming  one of the earliest graduates of  Transylvania University in Lexington, then graduating from the Medical University of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.   He served in the War of 1812 as Surgeon General of the Kentucky troops before returning to Lexington to practice medicine.

On July 1, 1813, Todd married twenty-year-old Elizabeth Smith, daughter of a local minister.  Together, the Todds had seven children:  John (b. 1814), Francis (b. 1816), William (b. 1818), Elizabeth (b. 1825), Lockwood (b. 1826), Laura (b. 1828) and Frances (b. 1832).   Laura and Frances both died young: Laura at age four in 1832, and Frances in childbirth at age 19 in 1851.

In 1827 John Quincy Adams  appointed Todd Register of the General Land Office in Springfield, Illinois. He held this position until 1829, when he was removed for political reasons following the election of Andrew Jackson.  He practiced medicine in Springfield from then until his death in 1865 at age 77.

Dr. Todd had a complicated relationship with slavery.  In 1823-24 he campaigned vigorously against introducing slavery into Illinois, yet his household was served by an African-American indentured servant named Betsy.  He believed in gradual emancipation and the colonization of freed slaves.  When the Civil War broke out he staunchly supported the Union, despite his ties of friendship and family in slaveholding Kentucky.

Although he had a large and thriving medical practice, Dr. Todd never amassed much money.  He was careless about collecting money from those who could pay for his services and generous about forgiving the bills of those who could not afford to pay.  In the 1860 census he was listed as having $2,000 in real estate and only $500 in his personal estate.  (Abraham Lincoln, by contrast, had $5,000 in real estate and $12,000 in his personal estate).

Dr. Todd was beloved by Mary Lincoln and her sisters.  Indeed, Dr. Todd was the one who helped to smooth things over with the family when Mary announced with no warning that she intended to marry Abraham Lincoln.  According to  Katherine Helm’s The True Story of Mary, Wife of Lincoln:

"Mr. Lincoln meeting Mr. Ninan Edwards on the street told him that he and Mary had decided to be married quietly at Mr. Dresser's house that evening.

Mr. Edwards, feeling responsible for Mary, exclaimed: 'No, I am Mary's guardian and if she is married at all it must be from my house.'

Mary was consulted, and after some discussion she and Mr. Lincoln agreed to Mr. Edwards' wishes. It was a bright cool morning in November and Mary fairly flew to the home of her uncle, Dr. John Todd, who was much beloved by his nieces, being so calm and quiet and affable. 'Uncle,' she cried excitedly, 'you must go and tell my sister that Mr. Lincoln and I are to be married this evening,' and turning to her cousin Elizabeth Todd, she asked her to put on her bonnet and go with her to make some purchases.

When they reached the Edwards home there was great excitement coupled with no little indignation, that such news should have been announced so suddenly that there was not time to make formal and suitable preparations for a wedding. But Dr. Todd was a suave and diplomatic advocate for Mary's cause and soon had them all in smiling good-humor.”[1]

 

Dr. Todd was known for his “expansive heart, calm temperament, and native grace of manners.”[2]  He died at the age of 78 on January 7, 1865, of congestion of the lungs.  His wife followed him in death just two months later. They are both buried in Oak Ridge cemetery.



[1] Katherine Helm, The True Story of Mary, Wife of Lincoln (New York:  Harper Publishing, 1928), 94.
[2] 21 January 1865, Daily Illinois State Journal.

Monday, April 8, 2013

Elizabeth "Bettie" Jane Stuart Brown (1838-1869)


Elizabeth "Bettie" Stuart was the oldest child of John T. Stuart and Mary Nash Stuart. John Stuart was Lincoln's first law partner and Mary Lincoln's first cousin. Bettie was born in July of 1838, nine months after her parents married. The same year she was born, her father defeated Stephen A. Douglas for a seat in Congress. John Stuart's departure for Washington in 1839 left his wife at home alone with the baby and his law partner Lincoln alone in the office with their legal practice. Lincoln often visited Mary Stuart to deliver letters and to visit with Bettie - at a year and a half old he called her a "tolerably nice fellow." [1]

In due time Bettie was joined by six siblings:  John, Virginia, Frank, Robert, Hannah, and Edwards.   As a teenager she attended school at the Monticello Female Seminary in Godfrey, IL.  This school was the favored place of female education for Springfield’s elite; at various times the daughters of Stephen T. Logan, Benjamin Edwards, and James Lamb were also students there.

On October 20, 1859, Bettie married a young local attorney named Christopher C. Brown.  The wedding was a large one, with more than 300 guests in attendance.  Among them was Abraham Lincoln, who had made a special trip back from court in Champaign County to attend the wedding.  The Lincolns gave Bettie and Christopher a silver plated coffee urn as a gift.  This urn is now in the collection of the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum.

John T. Stuart and his law partner Benjamin S. Edwards soon extended an offer for Christopher to join their law partnership, which had existed since 1843.  The firm of Stuart, Edwards, and Brown was formed on the first day of January, 1860.  Bettie and Christopher moved to a small frame house on the corner of Jackson and Third Streets near the C & A railroad tracks.

On August 21, 1860, as Lincoln’s election to the Presidency drew near, Bettie gave birth to her first son, named Stuart for his grandfather John T. Stuart.  While pregnant with her second child, the family’s house burned down, ignited by a spark from a passing locomotive.  Bettie, Christopher, and Stuart lived with Bettie’s parents while their new house was being built.  Her second son was born May 31, 1863.  He was named Edwards, for her husband and father’s law partner, Benjamin S. Edwards. 

Bettie’s last son, Paul, was born January 20, 1868. Benjamin Edwards’s wife Helen wrote a letter to her daughter on January 23 in which she mentioned the news:  Betty Brown has another boy – born last Sunday night.  I think Betty was disappointed that it was not a girl, but Chris says it is a splendid baby, and he has named it Paul.  Alice thought it must be after the Apostle, and I ventured to ask him, if this was so?  He replied ‘yes, I guess it was.’  I told him, the male tribe of Brown’s was so large, I suppose he thought all the common names had been used up in the family.  Well said he ‘that is so, and I must hit upon uncommon names.’”[2]  

Bettie Stuart Brown died on March 2, 1839, at 3 pm, of dysentery.  She was thirty years old, and had been ill for twelve days.  Conscious until the very end, she had given directions for her burial and dictated messages to all her friends and relatives.  Her funeral was held the next day at the First Presbyterian Church.[3]

She is buried in Oak Ridge Cemetery.  Her last words are etched on her tombstone:  “Come, Lord Jesus, come quickly.”

 

 



[1] Abraham Lincoln to John T. Stuart, 12 December 1839.
[2] Helen Edwards to Helen Edwards Condell, 23 January 1868.
[3] Illinois State Journal, 3 March 1869.